Investigation and molecular identification of Anisakis infection in marine fish sold in Fuxin, Liaoning Province / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To investigate the infection of Anisakis in marine fish sold in Fuxin, and conduct molecular identification and evolutionary tracing of third-stage larvae to determine Anisakis species. Methods　From 2018 to 2021, marine fish sold in the market were collected randomly, and the third stage larvae of Anisakis were detected in marine fish sold in the market by direct dissection, and the morphological characteristics were used to preliminarily identify species by microscopy; the total DNA was extracted, the internal transcribed spacer sequence of the ribosomal DNA of Anisakis was amplified, and the sequence alignment and evolution analysis were carried out. Results　A total of 289 market-sold sea fish samples of marine fish sold in the market were dissected and 84 samples of Anisakis were detected with a detection rate of 29.1%, of which the infection rates of hairtail and small yellow croaker were higher, at 41.4% and 41.2%, respectively. BLAST comparison of 28 sequences revealed eight species of anisakids, including Anisakis pegreffii, Anisakis simplex, Anisakis typical, Raphidascaris trichiurid, Contracaecum muraenesoxi, Hysterothylcaium zhoushanensis, Hysterothylacium amoyense and Hysterothylcaium fabri,belonging to the genera Anisakis and Hysterothylacium. The phylogenetic tree constructed from 28 sequences generally formed two topological branches, with Anisakis pegreffii, Anisakis simplex, and Anisakis typical forming three separate clusters as the topology branch of Anisakis genus. However, meanwhile, Hysterothylacium, Contracaecum, and Raphidascaris formed a separate topological branch. Conclusions　The marine fish sold in Fuxin City have severe anisakid infection, with a wide variety of anisakid species, the dominant species being Anisakis pegreffii.

Rapid screening of 28 alkaloids in food poisoning samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To investigate a poisoning incident caused by eating eight treasure congee, and establish liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS screening method of 28 alkaloids to provide references for disposal of similar poisoning incidents. Methods　LC-MS/MS was used for screening 28 alkaloids in the urine, eight treasure congee and food raw material, and the detected alkaloids were quantified. Samples were extracted with 0.4% formic acid aqueous solution and separated by a Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (1.7 μm, 100 × 2.1 mm). Acetonitrile-0.2% formic acid aqueous solution was used as the mobile phase and gradient elution was adopted. The ionization mode was electrospray positive ionization mode, and the detection method was multi-reaction monitoring (MRM). Analytes were quantified with the external standard method. Results　In the concentration range of 0-100 ng/mL, the linear correlation coefficient r were greater than 0.999 for 28 alkaloids. The recovery of 28 alkaloids in urine sample ranged from 63.0% to 105.0%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 5.8% and 8.6%. The recovery of 28 alkaloids in eight treasure congee sample ranged from 72.0% to 109.0%, and the RSDs were between 6.3% and 9.7%. The recovery of 28 alkaloids in semen sesami nigrum sample ranged from 60.0% to 95.0%, and the RSDs were between 4.8% and 8.2%. Hyoscyamine (2 380.0 ng/mL), scopliamine (3.6 ng/mL) and rac-anisodamine (4.7 ng/mL) were detected in the patient's urine. Hyoscyamine (63.3 μg/g), scopliamine (5.7 μg/g) and rac-anisodamine (2.1 μg/g) were detected in eight treasure congee. Hyoscyamine (901.0 μg/g), scopliamine (80.0 μg/g) and rac-anisodamine (30.1 μg/g) were detected in the seed of Datura stramonium L. The ratio of scopliamine and hyoscyamine in the seed of D. stramonium was 1∶11, which complies with the characteristics of D. stramonium L. In urine sample, the proportion of scopliamine and rac-anisodamine was 0.15% and 0.20%, and hyoscyamine accounted for 99.65%. Conclusion　Seed morphology, the content range and proportion of three alkaloids are all in accord with the characteristics of D. stramonium. Combined with the clinical symptoms of atropine poisoning, it can be deduced that this incident is a family food poisoning caused by accidental consumption of seed of D. stramonium L. The method can provide technical support for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of alkaloid poisoning patients, and also provide a basis for emergency detection and disposal of alkaloid poisoning events.

Comparison of emotional and behavioral problems of only and non only child in the kindergartens in Chengdu / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the emotional and behavioral problems and associated factors of the only and non only child, and to provide some clues for further monitoring and intervention of psychological and behavioral development among preschool children.@*Methods@#Using a convenience sampling method, a total of 45 065 children enrolled in 153 kindergartens in 23 districts and counties of Chengdu were selected from May to June 2021 to investigate demographic characteristics and children s psycho behavioral development through online questionnaires filled out by their guardians. The Chi square tests were used to analyze whether the differences in abnormality rates of each dimension were statistically significant between the only and non only children. The emotional and behavioral problems of only children and non only children were analyzed by propensity score measurement.@*Results@#The detection rate of abnormal emotional behavior problems in children was 6.10%, including 6.34% in the only child group and 5.84 % in the non only child group. After matching, total difficulty score, and scores of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactive attention deficit, peer interaction, and social behavior differed between the only child group and the non only child group ( t =9.91, 8.97, 3.91, 15.57, -5.46, 4.08, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#In terms of the total score of difficulties, emotional symptoms, moral problems, and hyperactivity attention defects, the non only child is better than the only child，but the opposite is true in terms of peer interaction and social behavior. Mental health conditions among the only child should be paid more attention. Whether or not the only child should be taken as an important consideration for preschool children s mental health care.

Optimization of production process of Aeromonas veronii CA07 strain inactivated vaccine / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Abstract：Objective To optimize the production process of inactivated vaccine of Aeromonas veronii（AV）CA07 strain. Methods The fermentation culture process of AV CA07 strain liquid was determined through the optimization of the culture time（2～16 h），medium（optimized fermentation medium，LB medium and NB medium）and fermentation conditions（in⁃ oculation amount of 1%，5%，10% and 15%；ventilation rate of 2，4，6 and 8 L／min and fermentation time of 6，8，10 and 12 h）. The optimal inactivation process was determined through the comparison of the final concentration of formalde⁃ hyde solution（0. 10%，0. 20%，0. 30% and 0. 40%），inactivation temperature（28 and 37 ℃）and inactivation time（24， 48 and 72 h）. The large⁃scale production process of inactivated vaccine of AV CA07 strain in 500 L fermentor was estab⁃ lished and the prepared vaccines were tested for safety and immunogenicity. Results The optimal inoculation amount of AV CA07 strain was 5%，ventilation rate was 4 L／min and culture time was 10 ~ 12 h. The optimal inactivation condition was adding formaldehyde solution with final concentration of 0. 30% incubating at 37 ℃ for 24 h. The number of viable bacteria in the fermentation broth of AV CA07 strain prepared in 500 L fermentor was more than 8 × 109 CFU／mL. All crucian carps immunized with the inactivated vaccine by abdomen survived. After challenge，the relative immune protection rate was more than 90%. Conclusion AV CA07 strain inactivated vaccine prepared by optimized production process showed good safety and immunogenicity.

Associations between maternal parenting styles and preschool children s quality of life in Chengdu / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the association between maternal parenting styles and quality of life among preschools，to provide a scientific theoretical basis for interventions targeting at prmoting early life health.@*Methods@#From May to July, 2021, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to enroll 4 233 child mother dyads from 14 preschools in Chengdu. An online questionnaire survey was administered to collect socio demographic information, maternal parenting styles, and children s quality of life.@*Results@#The overall score of quality of life was (80.17±9.81) among preschool children in Chengdu. In the multivariate linear regression models, maternal emotional warmth were significantly associated with higher scores in emotional functioning, social functioning, school functioning, psychosocial health summary score, and total scores ( β coefficients in the high level group were 2.63 , 4.95 , 12.05, 6.54,4.88, P <0.05). In contrast, both maternal rejection and overprotection were significantly associated with lower scores in physical functioning, emotional functioning, social functioning, school functioning, psychosocial health summary score, and the total scores of children s quality of life (for rejection: β coefficients in the high level group were -9.39, -10.82, -7.12 , -6.04 , -8.00, and -8.35 , respectively; for overprotection: β coefficients in the high level group were -6.71, -5.85, -3.08 , -2.39 , -3.77, and - 4.51 , respectively， P <0.05). The associations between high level of maternal rejection and children s emotional functioning showed significant gender differences( β =-3.23, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Maternal parenting style has a significant impact on children s quality of life. Interventions targeting at maternal parenting styles may be beneficial to improve the quality of life in preschool children.

The features of MRI in spectrum of fetal cloaca malformation / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To explore the features and application value of MRI in the spectrum of fetal cloaca malformation.Methods:The clinical, MRI and ultrasound data of 6 fetuses with spectrum of cloaca malformation were retrospectively analyzed in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University from January 2017 to February 2021, and the MRI features of each subtype were analyzed.Results:Among the 6 fetuses of spectrum of the cloaca malformation, 5 were confirmed by postnatal imaging and surgery, and 1 was confirmed by induced labor autopsy, including 3 persistent cloaca, 1 posterior cloaca, 1 cloaca variant, and 1 urogenital sinus. The high signal on T 1WI of the rectal meconium disappeared or became weaker, and the signal on T 2WI of meconium of the dilated colon increased in the 3 cases of persistent cloaca and 1 case of posterior cloaca. All 6 cases showed colonic dilatation. All cases except 1 persistent cloaca showed vaginal and/or uterine effusion. Two cases of persistent cloaca, 1 case of posterior cloaca and 1 case of cloaca variant showed duplicated genital tract. Two cases of persistent cloaca showed only 1 perineal opening, which opened at the urethral orifice. One case of cloaca variant showed 2 openings, which opened at the urethral orifice and in front of the normal anus, respectively. Conclusion:Prenatal MRI can help to clarify the diagnosis of cloacal malformation spectrum and to determine its specific classification.

Application of lateral supraclavicular incision in unilateral thyroid papillary carcinoma surgery / Incisão supraclavicular lateral em cirurgia de carcinoma papilífero unilateral de tireoide

Abstract Introduction The standard approach to thyroidectomy is a collar incision via the anterior neck, and the neck scar has always been a source of worry for patients. Acceptable wound cosmetology has become a focus for thyroid surgeons. Objective To verify the effectiveness and cosmetic results of thyroidectomy through a lateral supraclavicular incision. Methods 180 patients were randomly divided into two groups: a lateral supraclavicular approach and a conventional transcervical approach. The main outcomes included incision length, intraoperative blood loss, operative time, total drainage volume, hospitalization expense, early postoperative pain measured by visual analog scale, infection, and perceived cosmetic outcome. Results There were no statistical significances between the two groups in terms of age, gender, nodule size, intraoperative blood loss, operative time, total drainage volume, hospital expense and postoperative complications, whereas there were significant differences in terms of incision length (5.2 ± 1.04 cm vs. 6.9 ± 1.14 cm, p < 0.05). Conclusions The lateral supraclavicular incision is a safe and feasible approach for thyroidectomy. Compared with conventional approach, it provides a better cosmetic result.

Resumo Introdução A abordagem padrão para tireoidectomia é uma incisão em colar na face anterior do pescoço; a cicatriz no pescoço sempre foi uma fonte de preocupação para os pacientes; consequentemente, a cosmetologia aceitável da ferida tornou‐se um foco de atenção para os cirurgiões de cabeça e pescoço. Objetivos Verificar a eficácia e os resultados cosméticos da tireoidectomia por meio de incisão supraclavicular lateral. Método Foram divididos aleatoriamente 180 pacientes em dois grupos: um grupo supraclavicular lateral (Grupo LS) e outro transcervical convencional (Grupo TC). Os desfechos principais incluíram comprimento da incisão, perda de sangue intraoperatória, tempo cirúrgico, volume total de drenagem, despesas hospitalares, dor no pós‐operatório imediato medida através de escala visual analógica, infecção e resultado cosmético percebido. Resultados Não houve significância estatística entre os dois grupos em termos de idade, sexo, tamanho do nódulo, perda sanguínea intraoperatória, tempo cirúrgico, volume total de drenagem, custo hospitalar e complicações pós‐operatórias, mas houve diferença significante em termos de comprimento da incisão (5,2 ± 1,04 cm vs. 6,9 ± 1,14 cm, p < 0,05). Conclusão A incisão supraclavicular lateral é uma abordagem segura e viável para tireoidectomia. Em comparação com a abordagem convencional, oferece um melhor resultado cosmético.

Review of systematic reviews of acupuncture for diabetic peripheral neuropathy / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To review the systematic reviews of acupuncture for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and to provide evidence for clinical decisions. Methods: Published systematic reviews targeting acupuncture treatment of DPN were searched using computer through both Chinese and English databases till July 1, 2019. Two researchers screened the papers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and conducted report quality evaluation, methodological quality assessment and evidence quality grading using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), assessment of multiple systematic review 2 (AMSTAR 2) and grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE). Results: Ten systematic reviews were included, involving 11 outcome measures. According to PRISMA, 6 items were sufficiently reported while 1 item was not; AMSTAR 2 appraised that all the included systematic reviews were of low quality in the methodological evaluation; according to GRADE, of the 30 clinical evidences, only 5 were graded moderate while the remained were graded low or extremely low. Descriptive analysis showed that acupuncture can significantly improve DPN symptoms, accelerate the conduction velocities of sensory and motor nerves, and up-regulate the content of plasma nitric oxide (NO), while the adverse reaction rate was low. Conclusion: Acupuncture can produce satisfactory clinical efficacy in treating DPN, but the existing problems, such as low-quality evidence, unitary outcome measures, poor methodological quality of systematic reviews and nonstandard reporting, need to be treated cautiously; meanwhile, more high-quality clinical trials are required to elevate the level of evidence.

Clinical observation on transrectal ultrasound-guided puncture and cathetering drainage in treatment of high-position perianal abscess / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To explore the clinical effect of transrectal ultrasound-guided puncture and cathetering drainage in the treatment of high-position perianal abscess. Methods Eighty patients with high-position perianal abscess, who admitted to Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Jan. of 2015 to 2018, were randomized into interventional therapy group and surgical treatment group, with 40 cases in each group. The patients in the interventional therapy group were treated with cathetering drainage guided by transrectal ultrasound, and the patients in the surgical treatment group were treated with traditional incision drainage. The clinical effect was evaluated in the two groups, and the pain, fever and exudation scores, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein level, maximal section area of abscess cavity, and wound healing time were compared between the two groups before operation and on 3 days and 7 days after operation. Results The total effective rates of the interventional therapy and surgical treatment groups were 87.5% (35/40) and 80% (32/40), respectively, and the difference was significant (χ2=1.385, P=0.709). On 3 days and 7 days after operation, the pain score, exudation score, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein level and maximum section area of the abscess cavity were significantly lower in the interventional therapy group than those in the the surgical treatment group (all P<0.01). The patients with retrorectal abscess or high intersphincteric abscess in the interventional therapy group had shorter wound healing time versus the patients in the surgical treatment group (both P<0.01). Conclusion Compared with traditional incision drainage, cathetering drainage guided by transrectal ultrasound can reduce pain and decrease exudation of the patients with high-position perianal abscess to effectively control infection.

Clinical studies of pedicle screw-rod fixation of thoracolumbar burst fractures through posterior unilateral approach after vertebrae corpectomy fusion / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical curative effect of thoracolumbar burst fracture treated by the posterior unilateral approach corpectomy fusion screw-rod fixation and anterior corpectomy bone fusion screw plate fixation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2008 to May 2014,36 cases of thoracolumbar burst fracture underwent operation of decompression, fusion, and internal fixation was retrospective analyzed. Among them, 16 patients were treated through posterior approach as posterior group, including 13 males and 3 females aged from 37 to 62 years old; 9 cases caused by falling injury, 3 cases by traffic accident injury,4 cases by heavy aboved;the injury segment was on T₁₂ in 2 cases, L₁ in 5 cases, L₂ in 7 cases, L₃ in 2 cases; according ASIA grade, 3 cases were grade A, 2 cases were grade B, 2 cases were grade C, 5 cases were grade D, 4 cases were grade E; the time between injury and operation ranged from 5 to 15 days. Other 20 patients were treated through anterior-lateral approach as anterior-lateral group, including 15 males and 5 females with age from 27 to 62 years old; 12 cases caused by falling injury, 4 cases by traffic accident injury, 4 cases by heavy aboved; the injury segment was on T₁₂ in 2 cases, L₁, in 7 cases, L₂ in 9 cases, L₃ in 2 cases; for ASIA grade: 4 cases were grade A, 2 cases were grade B, 4 cases were grade C, 6 cases were grade D, 4 cases were grade E; the time between injury and operation ranged from 4 to 12 days. The operation time, bleeding during operation and postoperative drainage volume were observed in two groups,and the changes of nerve function of ASIA grade, clinical efficacy,improved degree of thoracic and lumbar lordosis,and bony fusion were compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 12 to 24 months with an average of (15.8 ± 3.3) months. The operation time, bleeding during operation, and postoperative drainage volume had no significant different between two groups (P > 0.05). As compared with preoperative, ASIA grade of two groups at last follow-up had statistically significantly different (P < 0.01), the neural function of two groups after operation was recovered for different extent. The JOA score of two groups was compared between last follow-up and preoperative, the difference had statistically significant (P < 0.01), the two groups showed good clinical effect. The clinical results of ASIA grade, JOA score and RIS had no significant differences between two groups. All patients of two groups were obtained fusion. Thoracic and lumbar lordosis angle improvement degree had no significant difference between two groups ,it bad significant difference had statistical significance compared with preoperative, the two approaches could effectively restore the spinal sequence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For patients with thoracolumbar burst fracture just treated by anterior decompression and reconstruction of anterior column, according to the degree of operation performer' skill proficiency and the patient' condition to choose, but for patients must performed the spinal canal decompression anterior and posterior, the three column-reconstruction to required anterior-posterior approach, the posterior unilateral approach corpectomy fusion screw-rod fixation obviously shorten operation time, reduce the operation wound, it is worth the clinical promotion.</p>

Treatment of lumbar instability with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (with single cage) combined with unilateral pedicle screw fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical effect of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (with single cage) combined with unilateral pedicle screw fixation in treating lumbar instability.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 50 patients with lumbar instability were retrospectively analyzed. They underwent treatment and obtained following up more than 8 months from 2009 to 2012. All patients complicated with refractory or recurrent lower back pain, and unilateral primarily or unilateral lower limb radiation pain, X-ray and CT films showed lumbar instability. The patients were respectively treated with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (with single cage) combined with unilateral or bilateral pedicle screw fixation. According to different fixation methods, they divided into unilateral fixation group and bilateral fixation group. There were 20 patients with 22 intervertebral spaces in unilateral fixation group, 8 males and 12 females, aged from 26 to 66 years old, 2 cases with isthmic spondylolisthesis of degree I, 8 cases with degenerative spondylolisthesis, 10 cases with lumbar disc herniation; fusion location with L3,4 was in 1 case, L4,5 was in 12 cases, L5S1 was in 9 cases. There were 30 patients with 30 intervertebral spaces in bilateral fixation group, 14 males and 16 females, aged from 41 to 62 years old, 4 cases with isthmic spondylolisthesis of degree I,14 cases with degenerative spondylolisthesis, 12 cases with lumbar disc herniation; fusion location with L3,4 was in 3 cases, L4,5 was in 15 case, L5S1 was in 12 cases. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, complications were analyzed and intervertebral height, lordosis angle changes, fusion rate and clinical effect were compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All incisions obtained primary healing,lower limb radiation pain and low back pain disappeared basically, no infection, endorachis injury was found. Foot drop occurred in one case of bilateral fixation group and no iatrogenic neurological symptom was found in unilateral fixation group. All patients were followed up from 8 to 18 months with an average of (10.8?4.3)months. Ac- cording to JOA score improvement rate (RIS) to assess clinical effect, all patients got excellent and good results, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups. Two methods can both effectively increase the pathological intervertebral height. Unilateral fixation group was better than bilateral fixation group in aspect of operation time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With strict indication and good skills, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (with single cage) combined with unilateral pedicle screw fixation in treating lumbar instability has advantages of smaller traumatic, less blood loss, faster recovery for the patient and can reduce the economic cost.</p>

Single-segment pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures through the gap of paravertebral muscles / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical effect of thoracolumbar fractures between single-segment pedicle screw fixation approach for the gap of paravertebral muscles and double-segment pedicle screw fixation approach for the stripping of paravertebral muscles.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September 2008 to January 2010, 65 patients with incomplete compressed thoracolumbar fractures or burst thoracolumbar fractures with unilateral endplate injury were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty patients were treated with single-segment pedicle screw fixation through the gap of paravertebral muscles (treatment group). Thirty-five patients were treated with double-segment pedicle screw fixation through the stripping of the paravertebral muscles (control group). All the internal fixations were taken out during 10-12 months after operation. Operative time, perioperative blood loss volume and postoperative drainage volume were compared between two groups. At final follow-up, the change of neurological ASIA grade were recorded; and postoperative 5 days and final follow-up, compared Denis classification of lumbar and back pain between two groups; and analyzed the sagittal index and compressibility of anterior border of vertebral body by X -ray lateral projection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were follow-up from 14 to 22 months with an average of 18.3 months. No postoperative infection, secondary spinal cord injury was found. One case of control group occurred internal fixation breakage at the 11th month after operation and other internal fixation no loosening. There was no significant difference in operative time, the recovery of neurological function between the two groups (P > 0.05). Perioperative blood loss volume and postoperative drainage volume of treatment group was less than that of control group (P < 0.01). And in Denis classification of lumbar and back pain, the treatment group recovered more quickly, and the residual pain of lumbar and back was less than that of control group (P < 0.01). Postoperative posterior salient and compression of anterior border of vertebral body improved in two groups (P < 0.01), there was no significant difference in degree of improvement between two groups (P > 0.05); but both loss existed at final follow-up (P < 0.01), there was no significant difference in loss of posterior salient between two groups (P > 0.05). In the treatment group, the loss of rectify of anterior border of vertebral body existed, but it was less than that of the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the premise of strict controlling surgery indications, the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures with single-segment pedicle screw fixation through the gap of paraspinal muscles, can effectively recover the height of vertebral body and rectify posterior salient, and reduce the fixed segment. Compared with the traditional operative method of double-segment pedicle screw fixation through the stripping of paraspinal muscle, it can obviously reduce the operation wound and the bleeding, lessen the pain of lumbar and back. And the recent clinical effect is satisfied.</p>

Application of single interbody fusion cage with pedicle screws by transforaminal approach in treating lumbar instability / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of transforaminal approach single interbody fusion cage combining with fixation with pedicle screws in treating lumbar instability.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 2006 to 2009, 36 patients (39 interspaces) with lumbar instability were retrospectively analyzed, included 14 males and 22 females; aged from 45 to 68 years with an average of 54 years; course of disease was from 6 months to 12 years with an average of 4 years. Of them, instability in lumbar disc herniation had 8 cases, lumbar spinal stenosis 5 cases, postoperative instability in lumbar disc herniation 3 cases, lumbar spondylolysis 20 cases; unstable segment in L3,4 had 2 cases, L4,5 18 cases, L5S1 13 cases, and double segment 3 cases (both L4,5 and L5S1). All patients underwent decompression, reduction, interbody fusion with single cage from transforaminal approach with pedicle screws and posterolateral fusion. The clinical effects were evaluated according to imaging results and JOA scoring system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up from 8 to 32 months with an average of 18 months. The results of 38 intervertebral fusion, suspicious fusion of a vertebral space, fusion rate was 97.4% (38/39). Segmental lordosis angle after operation was increased (4.09 +/- 0.13) degrees than before operation (P < 0.01), and final follow-up was reduced (3.83 +/- 0.17) degrees than after operation (P > 0.05). JOA scoring before operation and final follow-up were respectively 8.14 +/- 1.09 and 13.54 +/- 1.19, there was statistically significant between the two periods (P < 0.01); the JOA score improvement rate (RIS): 28 cases got excellent result, 6 good and 2 fair, the rate of excellent and good was 94.4%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The path through the transforaminal approach single-fusion cage, implantation of pedicle screw fixation fusion surgery can simplify operations, reduce complications, and can obtain satisfactory clinical efficacy, which is an effective method for the treatment of lumbar instability.</p>

Risk Factors and Prognostic Evaluation of Transient Ischemic Attack / 国际脑血管病杂志

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is the most important early warning signal of cerebral infarction, and it is also the critical period for the prevention of cerebral infarction. If we effectively control the risk factors of TIA, the onset and the progress of TIA can be prevented and controlled, This article reviews the correlation between the risk factors of TIA and prognosis.

Application of octopus 101 GKP kinetic and static automated perimetry in the diagnosis of the primary open angle glaucoma / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical significance of the Octopus 101 GKP kinetic and static automated perimetry in the diagnosis of the primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty POAG patients (POAG group) and 34 normal individuals (control group) were detected with Octopus 101 GKP static and kinetic perimetry with GKP and TOP program from October 2006 to March 2007. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), cupping/disc (C/D) ratio, mean defect (MD), loss variance (LV), areas of isopter, and testing time were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean visual acuity, mean IOP and mean C/D ratio were significantly different between POAG group and control group (P = 0.000), and so was the testing time (P = 0.001). The mean test time was (307.78 +/- 134.50) s in the POAG group and was (228.12 +/- 75.33) s in the normal group. No linear correlation was found between the IOP and the areas of isopter or MD between these two group. The visual parameters (I 2e and III 4e) as to the areas of isopter of POAG were significantly different (P = 0.000), and so were the MD, LV and areas of isopter (P = 0.000). Static perimetry had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 45%, and kinetic perimetry had a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 63%. The combined method of static and kinetic approaches had a sensitivity of 90%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The Octopus 101 GKP static and kinetic perimetry can perform an automated test that combines the advantages of both kinetic and static perimetry, resulting in a decreased subjectivity and individual difference by adjusting the response time and improved accuracy of test results. By changing stimulus size, background illumination, and stimulus angular velocity, the combination of the kinetic and static test may provide a higher sensitivity in the diagnosis of the early stage of POAG, particularly in patients with early peripheral visual field defect.</p>

A novel approach for identifying the heme-binding proteins from mouse tissues / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

Heme is a key cofactor in aerobic life, both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Because of the high reactivity of ferrous protoporphyrin IX, the reactions of heme in cells are often carried out through heme-protein complexes. Traditionally studies of heme-binding proteins have been approached on a case by case basis, thus there is a limited global view of the distribution of heme-binding proteins in different cells or tissues. The procedure described here is aimed at profiling heme-binding proteins in mouse tissues sequentially by 1) purification of heme-binding proteins by heme-agarose, an affinity chromatographic resin; 2) isolation of heme-binding proteins by SDS-PAGE or two-dimensional electrophoresis; 3) identification of heme-binding proteins by mass spectrometry. In five mouse tissues, over 600 protein spots were visualized on 2-DE gel stained by Commassie blue and 154 proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF, in which most proteins belong to heme related. This methodology makes it possible to globally characterize the heme-binding proteins in a biological system.